![]() Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 8: 271-303. Floristic studies in North Central New Mexico, U.S.A. National institute of biological resources. Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M.Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. An illustrated guide to the vascular flora: 1-833. ![]() Opredelitel' sosudistykkhrastenii srednego Urala: 1-524. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens. Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D.Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 6: 1-825. Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. Plantae Vasculares Orientalis Extremi Sovietici 5: 1-388. Illyustrirovannyi opredelitel' rastenii Leningradskoi oblasti: 1-799. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192. Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Spisok Sosudistykn Rastenii Kazakhstana: 1-187. Phytotherapy Research, 28(10), 1441-1448 follows these authorities in accepting this name: Combination of comfrey root extract plus methyl nicotinate in patients with conditions of acute upper or lower back pain: A multicentre randomised controlled trial. Pabst, H., Schaefer, A., Staiger, C., Junker-Samek, M., & Predel, H.A critical scoping review of external uses of comfrey ( Symphytum spp.). Frost, R., MacPherson, H., & O’Meara, S.Drug record: Comfrey ( Symphytum officinale).You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. A study reported in Phytotherapy Research also suggests that creams containing comfrey root can help relieve upper and lower back pain. Joint painĪccording to the same research review, results also suggested that comfrey can help treat osteoarthritis, as well as some injuries, such as ankle sprains. The authors note that topical applications of comfrey appear to be safe, but more research is necessary to learn about the potential risks and side effects of using comfrey on your skin and wounds. For example, a research review published in the journal Complementary Therapies in Medicine found some evidence that comfrey can help heal abrasion wounds. Some clinical research supports the claim that comfrey has wound-healing powers. salves that also contain other herbs, such as aloe and goldenseal.It’s available at many health stores and pharmacies as People still use comfrey as an alternative remedy for joint and muscle pain, as well as closed wounds. Talk to your doctor before using them to learn more about the potential benefits and risks. You can purchase topical comfrey preparations from many health stores. Many experts also advise against using topical comfrey on open wounds.īut comfrey may be acceptable for short-term use on your skin and closed wounds. As a result, many countries have banned the sale of oral comfrey preparations. It contains compounds that can harm your liver. While comfrey is well-known for its health benefits, it also poses some risks. These solutions typically have a comfrey content of 5 to 20 percent. Extracts are still made from the roots and leaves and turned into ointments, creams, or salves. ![]() Allantoin boosts the growth of new skin cells, while rosmarinic acid helps relieve pain and inflammation. The roots of leaves of the comfrey plant contain chemical substances called allantoin and rosmarinic acid. Some traditional healers have also used it to treat diarrhea and other stomach ailments. ![]() It was originally called “knitbone” and people used it to treat:Įuropeans have also used comfrey to treat inflammatory conditions, such as arthritis and gout. In Japan, the plant has been harvested and used as a traditional treatment for over 2,000 years. The root and leaves of the comfrey plant have been used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world. It produces clusters of purple, blue, and white flowers, and it’s famous for its long, slender leaves and black-skinned roots. Comfrey is a shrub that grows in parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. ![]()
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